]> Cisco Systems, Inc.

mkoldych@cisco.com

Ciena Corporation

ssivabal@ciena.com

Huawei Technologies

pengshuping@huawei.com

Nokia

diego.achaval@nokia.com

Juniper Networks, Inc

hkotni@juniper.net

Nokia

andrew.stone@nokia.com

Routing PCE Working Group This document clarifies certain aspects of the PCEP protocol. The content of this document has been compiled based on several interop exercises.

Introduction Due to different interpretations of PCEP standards, it was found that implementations often had to adjust their behavior in order to interoperate. The current document serves to clarify certain aspects of PCEP to make it easier to produce interoperable implementations of PCEP.

Requirements Language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.

Terminology The following terminologies are used in this document: PCC: Path Computation Client. Any client application requesting a path computation to be performed by a Path Computation Element. PCE: Path Computation Element. An entity (component, application, or network node) that is capable of computing a network path or route based on a network graph and applying computational constraints. PCEP: Path Computation Element Protocol. MBB: Make-Before-Break. A procedure during which the head-end of a traffic-engineered path wishes to move traffic to a new path without losing any traffic, by first "making" a new path and then "breaking" the old path. Association parameters: As described in , the combination of the mandatory fields Association type, Association ID and Association Source in the ASSOCIATION object uniquely identify the association group. If the optional TLVs - Global Association Source or Extended Association ID are included, then they MUST be included in combination with mandatory fields to uniquely identify the association group. Association information: As described in , the ASSOCIATION object could also include other optional TLVs based on the association types, that provides 'information' related to the association type. ERO: Explicit Route Object is the path of the LSP encoded into a PCEP object. To represent an empty ERO object, i.e., without any subobjects, we use the notation "ERO={}". To represent an ERO object containing some given sequence of subobjects, we use the notation "ERO={A}".

PCEP LSP Database We use the concept of the LSP-DB, as a database of actual LSP state in the network, to illustrate the internal state of PCEP speakers in response to various PCEP messages. Note that the term "LSP", which stands for "Label Switched Path", if taken too literally would restrict our discussion to MPLS dataplane only. We take the term "LSP" to apply to non-MPLS paths as well, to avoid changing the name. Alternatively, we could rename LSP to "Instance".

Structure LSP-DB contains two types of objects: LSPs and Tunnels. An LSP is identified by the LSP-IDENTIFIERS TLV. A Tunnel is identified by the PLSP-ID in the LSP object and/or the SYMBOLIC-NAME. See . A Tunnel may or may not be an actual tunnel on the router. For example, working and protect paths can be implemented as a single tunnel interface, but in PCEP we would refer to them as two different Tunnels, because they would have different PLSP-IDs. An LSP can be thought of as a instance of a Tunnel. In steady-state, a Tunnel has only one LSP, but during make-before-break (see ) it can have multiple LSPs, to represent both new and old instances that exist simultaneously for a time.

Synchronization Both PCE and PCC maintain their separate copies of the LSP-DB. The PCE LSP-DB is only modified by PCRpt messages, no other PCEP message may modify the PCE LSP-DB. The PCC LSP-DB is built from actual forwarding state that PCC has installed. PCC uses PCRpt messages to synchronize its local LSP-DB to the PCE. The PCE MUST always act on the latest state of the PCE LSP DB. Note that this does not mean that the PCE cannot use information from outside of LSP-DB. For example, the PCE can use other mechanisms to collect traffic statistics and use them in the computation. However, these traffic statistics are not part of the LSP-DB, but only reference it. The LSP-DB on both the PCC and the PCE only stores the actual state in the network, it does not store the desired state. For example, consider the case of PCE Initiated LSP, configured on the PCE. When the operator modifies the configuration of this LSP, that is a change in desired state. The actual state has not yet changed, so LSP-DB is not modified yet. The LSP-DB is only modified after the PCE sends PCInit/PCUpd message to the PCC and the PCC decides to act on that message. When the PCC acts on a message from a PCE, it would update its own PCC LSP DB and send a PCRpt to the PCE(s) to synchronize the change. When the PCE receives the PCRpt msg, it updates its own PCE LSP DB. After this, the PCC LSP-DB and PCE LSP-DB are in sync.

Successful MBB Below we give an example of doing MBB to switch the Tunnel from one path to another. We represent the path encoded into the ERO object as ERO={A} and ERO={B}. PCC has an existing LSP in UP state, with LSP-ID=2. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=0, PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=2, ERO={A}, OPER-FLAG=UP). PCC initiates the MBB procedure by creating a new LSP with LSP-ID=3. It does not matter what triggered the creation of the new LSP, it could have been due to a new path received via PCUpd (if the given Tunnel is delegated), or it could have been local computation on the PCC (if the Tunnel is locally computed on the PCC), or it could have been a change in configuration on the PCC (if the Tunnel's path is explicitly configured on the PCC). It is important to emphasize that the procedure for updating the LSP-DB is common, regardless of the trigger that caused the change. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=0, PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=3, ERO={B}, OPER- FLAG=UP). After traffic has successfully switched to the new LSP, the PCC cleans up the old LSP. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=1, PLSP-ID=100, LSP- ID=2).

Aborted MBB The MBB process can abort when the newly created LSP is destroyed before it is installed as traffic carrying. This scenario is described below. PCC has an existing LSP in UP state, with LSP-ID=2. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=0, OPER-FLAG=UP, PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=2). MBB procedure is initiated, a new LSP is created with LSP-ID=3. LSP is currently being established, so its oper state is DOWN. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=0, OPER-FLAG=DOWN, PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=3). MBB procedure is aborted. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=1, PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=3).

PCEP Association Database PCEP Association is a group of zero or more LSPs. The PCE ASSO DB is populated by PCRpt messages and/or via configuration on the PCE itself. An Association is identified by the Association Parameters. The Association parameters contain many fields, so for convenience we will group all the fields into a single value. We will use ASSO_PARAM=A, ASSO_PARAM=B, to refer to different PCEP Associations: A and B, respectively.

LSPs in same Association Below, we give an example to illustrate how LSPs join the same Association. PCC creates the first LSP. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=0, PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=1, ASSO_PARAM=A, ASSO_R_FLAG=0). PCC creates the second LSP. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=0, PLSP-ID=200, LSP-ID=1, ASSO_PARAM=A, ASSO_R_FLAG=0). PCC updates the first LSP, the PCC is NOT REQUIRED to send the ASSOCIATION object in this PCRpt, since the LSP is already in the Association. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=0, PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=1). The content of the PCE ASSO DB is unchanged. Note that the PCC sends the ASSOCIATION OBJECT in the first PCRpt during SYNC state, even if it has already issued a PCRpt with the association object sometime in the past with this PCE. The synchronization steps outlined in are to be followed. PCC decides to delete the second LSP. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=1, PLSP-ID=200, LSP-ID=1). PCC decides to remove the first LSP from the Association, but not delete the LSP itself. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=0, PLSP-ID=100, LSP- ID=1, ASSO_PARAM=A, ASSO_R_FLAG=1). The PCE ASSO DB is now empty.

Switch Association during MBB Below, we give an example to illustrate how a Tunnel goes through MBB and switches from Association A to Association B. Each new LSP (identified by the LSP-ID) does not inherit the Association membership of any previous LSPs within the same Tunnel. This is so that a Tunnel can have two LSPs that are in different Associations, this may be done when switching from one Association to another. PCC creates the first LSP. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=0, PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=1, ASSO_PARAM=A, ASSO_R_FLAG=0). PCC creates the MBB LSP in a different Association. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=0, PLSP-ID=100, LSP-ID=2, ASSO_PARAM=B, ASSO_R_FLAG=0). PCC deletes the old LSP. PCC sends PCRpt(R-FLAG=1, PLSP-ID=100, LSP- ID=1).

Computation Constraints For any PCEP object that does not have an explicit removal flag, the absence of that object indicates removal of the constraint specified by that object. For example, suppose the first state-report contains an LSPA object with some affinity constraints. Then if a subsequent state-report does not contain an LSPA object, then this means that the previously specified affinity constraints do not apply anymore. Same applies to all PCEP objects, like METRIC, BANDWIDTH, etc., which do not have an explicit flag for removal. This simply ensures that it is possible to remove a constraint without using an explicit removal flag.

Security Considerations None at this time.

Managability Considerations None at this time.

IANA Considerations None at this time.

Normative References In many standards track documents several words are used to signify the requirements in the specification. These words are often capitalized. This document defines these words as they should be interpreted in IETF documents. This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. RFC 2119 specifies common key words that may be used in protocol specifications. This document aims to reduce the ambiguity by clarifying that only UPPERCASE usage of the key words have the defined special meanings. The Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) provides mechanisms for Path Computation Elements (PCEs) to perform path computations in response to Path Computation Client (PCC) requests. Although PCEP explicitly makes no assumptions regarding the information available to the PCE, it also makes no provisions for PCE control of timing and sequence of path computations within and across PCEP sessions. This document describes a set of extensions to PCEP to enable stateful control of MPLS-TE and GMPLS Label Switched Paths (LSPs) via PCEP. This document introduces a generic mechanism to create a grouping of Label Switched Paths (LSPs) in the context of a Path Computation Element (PCE). This grouping can then be used to define associations between sets of LSPs or between a set of LSPs and a set of attributes (such as configuration parameters or behaviors), and it is equally applicable to the stateful PCE (active and passive modes) and the stateless PCE. This document describes the use of RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol), including all the necessary extensions, to establish label-switched paths (LSPs) in MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching). Since the flow along an LSP is completely identified by the label applied at the ingress node of the path, these paths may be treated as tunnels. A key application of LSP tunnels is traffic engineering with MPLS as specified in RFC 2702. [STANDARDS-TRACK]

Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Adrian Farrel for useful review comments.

Contributors